Developing a global dimension in the school curriculum






Key Stages 3 and 4
Pupils develop their understanding of their role as global citizens and extend their knowledge of the wider world. Their understanding of issues such as poverty, social justice and sustainable development increases and they realise the importance of taking action to improve the world for future generations. They critically assess information available to them and challenge cases of discrimination and injustice.


English: where pupils study the media and read texts from different cultures and traditions.
• By doing this they can critically assess what they see and hear. They can learn to recognise and challenge stereotyping and bias in news reporting about developing countries. They can also develop their understanding of global issues through literature.

Schools across the country have used travel writing, holiday brochures, poetry from other cultures and media representation to explore issues around tourism in developing countries. These materials are available in the ‘Looking Beyond the Brochure’ video pack produced by Tourism Concern (www.tourismconcern.org.uk), with support from DFID.



Mathematics: where pupils learn about number and algebra, shape, space and measures and handling data. They learn how widely mathematics is used and applied in the technological world.
• By doing this they can use mathematics as a language of communication with young people around the world. They can apply their mathematical skills to interpreting statistics relevant to international current affairs such as international debt and fair trade.


Science: where pupils learn about the effects humans have on the world and the need for diversity and protection. They explore the cultural contexts that may affect the extent to which scientific theories are accepted. Opportunities exist within science to use data from different parts of the world.
• By doing this they can appreciate the international nature of science and the contribution scientists from all over the world have made. They can also address some of the ethical issues that arise over the use and misuse of science globally.

GCSE pupils at a school in Norwich regularly undertake a project where they compare the production of bread in the UK and India. This raises a wide range of issues including agriculture, environment, energy, transport, food preservation and storage, nutrition and economics while highlighting some of the disparities between lifestyles in less developed and more developed countries.


Design and technology: where pupils explore the effects of technology on the development of societies and the pupils’ own lives. • By doing this they can develop an understanding of social, environmental and sustainable development issues and explore ways in which the world can be improved. They can learn how the trading neighbourhood is the whole planet and that all communities, however remote, are potentially helped by global trade.

GCSE pupils at a girls’ school in Birmingham were set the task of producing flash cards to communicate safety issues around the use of electricity in developing countries. Pupils researched ways in which this information could be communicated, taking account of potential problems such as illiteracy. They also considered cultural issues such as the use of the colour red to communicate danger and whether this convention was understood everywhere. Through this project pupils learnt ways in which the quality of life can be improved and to consider the needs and wants of people from different cultures.


ICT: where pupils use ICT to share and exchange information effectively, and work with others to carry out and evaluate their work. They reflect critically on the impact of ICT on their own and others’ lives, considering the social, economic, political, legal, ethical and moral issues involved.
• By doing this they can enter into contact with young people in other countries and gain access to ideas and experiences in a wide range of communities and cultures. They can gain an understanding of the significance of ICT for developing countries and the opportunities and challenges which it presents.



Five schools in Birmingham have set up an internet link with five schools in the South African province of Gauteng (which incorporates Soweto) aimed at encouraging young people to use the internet as a medium for learning and communication, and bridging cultural divides. The project is designed to have direct relevance to the national curriculum of both countries, with pupils and staff regularly exchanging ideas and information on a range of subjects as diverse as geography, art and design, tourism and international relations as well as ICT. It is backed by Birmingham City Council, DFID and Wits University in Johannesburg.


History: where pupils learn about key aspects of world history and develop their understanding of the connections between events in different societies and cultures. They carry out two world studies, one before and one after 1900.
• By doing this pupils can explore some of the causes of world poverty, conflict, immigration and refugee peoples. They can bring in a global perspective through the study of trade, slavery, empire, colonialism and the Commonwealth; and they can learn to appreciate the different perspectives on events when seen from different standpoints.

Geography: where pupils study people, places and environments in different parts of the world and different states of economic development.
• By doing this they can appreciate the role of values and attitudes, including their own, by considering topical issues such as aid, interdependence, international trade, population and disasters.

As part of their work on sustainable development and tropical rainforests, a range of secondary schools have used Worldaware’s ‘Global Eye’ magazine to learn about the Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development in Guyana. The centre is a unique project looking at how rainforests can be developed in a sustainable way, and study of the centre offers pupils an excellent opportunity to see what a less economically developed country is doing to help manage one of the world’s most endangered ecosystems. Information about the project is available both in the magazine and via its online version, Global Eye News (www.globaleye.org.uk), which includes an ICT project for schools, based on the centre. The website also showcases students’ material and features answers from the director of the project to questions sent to him by UK schools.


Modern foreign languages: where pupils increase their cultural awareness using materials from other countries and communities. These countries can include those in the wider world where the language may be spoken, such as French in West Africa, Spanish in Central and South America, and German in Namibia. Opportunities exist for direct contact with native speakers, and for topical material provided by partner schools to be used. Pupils may be offered the opportunity to learn a non-European language such as Urdu, Arabic or Bengali.
• By doing this they can learn about other cultures through language and develop positive attitudes towards non-English speakers.


Year 11 pupils at a special school in York celebrated the 50th anniversary of the declaration of human rights with an e-mail link to a school in France. Pupils in both countries studied the declaration before putting together a list of their own rights, which they then shared with each other. Incorporated in the work they did was work on the rights of street children in Kenya and Mexico. Teachers developed materials to raise awareness of the rights of other children whilst reinforcing linguistic concepts, as all the work was done through the medium of French.



Art and design: where pupils analyse and evaluate how ideas, beliefs and values are represented in different cultures and traditions, and develop knowledge and understanding of the diverse purposes and audiences of artists, craftspeople and designers from Western Europe and the wider world. They explore the ways in which artists working in different cultures produce images, symbols and objects to convey meaning.
• By doing this they can learn to appreciate the rich variety and diversity of art and design and extend their knowledge of different cultures.


Year 10 pupils at a South London secondary school visited the Horniman Museum and researched African artefacts including textiles and masks. In particular they learnt about the cultural significance of Adinkra symbols used by the Ashanti in Ghana which provide ‘a code of living’. They compared these symbols with those used in other cultures and interpreted their research in their own creative work, drawing on their own cultural background.


Music: where pupils learn about, and learn to appreciate, music from different times and cultures.
• By doing this they can learn about the roots of contemporary popular music, which can help many pupils develop a greater sense of their own identity.

PE: where pupils learn to compose, perform and prepare dances from a range of different cultures and traditions. Pupils engage in sports played globally and this provides a universal communication through festivals and world-wide games.
• By doing this they can develop an understanding through dance of historical and social contexts of different cultures.


Citizenship: where pupils learn about human rights, the media, the diverse nature of society in the United Kingdom and globally, and the need for mutual respect and understanding. They learn about the role and work of national and international organisations, and the importance of resolving conflict fairly, and develop the skills to discuss and debate topical issues. They learn to consider others’ experiences.
• By doing this they can become informed citizens and understand the world as a global community. They can learn about global governance and address such issues as international development and why it matters. They can develop their interest in topical, global issues and can become willing to take action and actively participate to improve the world.

Schools in the Manchester area participate regularly in an Earth Summit Day organised by the Development Education Project. They role play delegates discussing issues around development and the environment. In the schools’ Earth Summit Day each class takes on roles representing the summit organisers, the international press, multinational corporations, development organisations and geographical regions. Discussions centre around questions such as ‘how can international trade become fairer for all countries?’ and ‘how can we develop sustainable use of the world’s resources?’ Pupils gain an understanding of north-south inequalities and sustainable development as well as developing their skills of debating, presentation and co-operation.


PSHE: where pupils learn about the effects of stereotyping and prejudice and how to challenge them assertively. They learn to recognise the importance of goodwill in relationships.
• By doing this they can develop their confidence and willingness to empathise with people different from themselves.

RE: where pupils learn about and from the beliefs of different people throughout the world.
• By doing this they can enhance their spiritual, moral, social and cultural development and their sense of themselves as part of a global community.


Wider school activities
Whole-school policy
Many schools have developed their own whole school policy to show not only how a global dimension is incorporated across the curriculum but also how it has become part of the whole school ethos. This might include looking at how the school provides a basis for the spiritual, moral, social and cultural development of its pupils, and how understanding and respect are promoted.

These issues, as well as specific subject opportunities, can be expressed in mission statements and clearly incorporated within the school development plan. This helps to ensure that a global dimension features in all aspects of the school’s work as well as being demonstrated through displays and exhibitions around the school, and being discussed in assemblies and collective worship.

Many schools have found that by conducting an audit they discover a range of ways in which they have already incorporated a global dimension in their teaching and more generally, as well as opportunities for developing this further.

At a Junior School in Kingston-upon-Thames the Global Education Policy states that “By ensuring a global perspective to our work we can widen the horizons of our pupils, both to their own multicultural society and the world at large, fostering skills of tolerance, co-operation and understanding.” The policy outlines strategies the school adopts to support global education which include international school links, contact with students and teachers from other countries, the use of local development education agencies and multicultural weeks.


School linking
The life and work of schools can be greatly enriched through a link with a school in a less economically developed country. Direct contact with school communities overseas does not simply offer opportunities for research and exchange of knowledge - it can bring development issues vividly to life.

As well as this, exchanging ideas with teachers and pupils on an equal basis, whether it is about science, environmental issues, the arts, or culture, can challenge the stereotyped, ‘problem oriented’ image of people in less affluent countries and thereby contributes to education in values and attitudes in a multicultural global society. It also provides a basis for broadening subject teaching areas to incorporate wider global input and perspectives.


A junior school in Slough initiated a link in response to a request from a school in Delhi. Over 90% of the pupils at the Slough school are of Asian ethnic origin and the partnership was seen as one way to help children stay in touch with their cultural roots. It was also hoped that the link would enable teachers to have a closer understanding of the children’s cultural background and a better knowledge of some of their customs and practices. Through developing close links on a one to one basis, using both the Internet and mail, the participating children and teachers developed a global perspective, and an ongoing dialogue was created. The project also provided an opportunity to do focused ICT work, including use of the Internet. More recently, the links have also been useful in other areas of the curriculum, such as studying the weather, and in examining attitudes to moral issues under PSE.


The Castle Cary–Mufulira partnership was initiated in 1991, and built upon an established link between the diocese of Bath and Wells and the Anglican diocese of Northern Zambia. Over the years a number of reciprocal visits between the two schools have enabled 102 staff, students and parents to participate in reciprocal exchanges. Each exchange focuses on a specific area of the curriculum and materials and activities are developed with the staff and students involved. In this way the curriculum in almost every subject area has been enriched, from Science to Religious Education, and from Art to PE. A video and booklet has been produced which features work by a joint drama group incorporating both English and Zambian traditions, learnt from visiting local schools and drama groups. The project is managed by a working group and features strongly in the school’s development plan. The link between secondary schools has now extended to the feeder primaries and continues to spread into the community.


Whole-school and community activities

One of the most exciting aspects of an enhanced global dimension is the opportunity it provides for whole school activities. These can range from activities taking place in just one school, like an ‘International Day’, to a co-ordinated effort involving a number of different schools, as well as the wider community. There are also opportunities to involve parents and local organisations by inviting them to contribute their knowledge and experience of the wider world in assemblies and as part of classroom discussions.


Over 4,000 school children took part in the Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Children’s Our World Festival in Summer 2000. The performance, displays and activities for the festival day were the culmination of an extensive programme of classroom workshops, with teachers and pupils working together with local artists from other countries. The project, which was run by Norfolk Education and Action for Development and supported by Norfolk LEA, aimed to promote a greater sense of global citizenship and sustainable development amongst young people in Norfolk, and to develop practical strategies to enable schools to continue their work in the future.


Resources and support

Material resources

The National Grid for Learning contains a database of good quality materials that can help teachers of all subjects, and at all key stages, bring a global dimension into their teaching. The database can be found at www.globaldimension.org.uk and information on how to obtain printed copies of these resources is also given in the site.


In addition to those organisations that produce and make available their own materials, the following produce mail order catalogues containing a wide range of materials from different organisations:

Worldaware
31-35 Kirby Street London
EC1N 8TE
Tel: 020 7831 3844
Email: education@worldaware.org.uk
www.worldaware.org.uk

Oxfam
274 Banbury Road
Oxford OX2 7DZ
Tel: 01865 313600
Email: oxfam@oxfam.org.uk
www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/

Reading International Solidarity Centre (RISC)
35-39 London Street
Reading RG1 4PS
Tel: 0118 958 6692
Email: risc@risc.org.uk
www.risc.org.uk

Development Education Dispatch Unit (DEDU)
153 Cardigan Road
Leeds LS6 1LJ
Tel: 0113 278 4030
Email: dedu@leedsdec.demon.co.uk
www.leedsdec.demon.co.uk

More generally, the Department for International Development (DFID) publishes a wide range of country and institutional strategy papers (CSPs / ISPs), issue/briefing notes, and research and specialist publications, as well as some material produced specifically for schools. All of these are available free of charge on request.

For further information, contact
DFID’s Public Enquiry Point:
Tel: 0845 300 4100
Email: enquiry@dfid.gov.uk
www.dfid.gov.uk

Organisations

There are a range of organisations at local and national level which specialise in supporting global perspectives in schools. Their activities include running workshops offering professional development opportunities for teachers, and providing information on school linking, resources and funding.

The Development Education Association was formed in 1993 to support and promote the work of all those engaged in raising awareness of, and bringing about a better public understanding of global and development issues in the UK. It is a national umbrella body working in partnership with over 240 member organisations, including a network of local development education centres (DECs), in the UK and overseas. It also works closely with development education networks in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.


For further information, contact:
Development Education Association
Third Floor
29-31 Cowper Street
London
EC2A 4AT
Tel: 020 7490 8108
Fax: 020 7490 8123
Email: devedassoc@gn.apc.org
www.dea.org.uk


The Central Bureau for International Education and Training is the UK agency for the development of an international dimension in education and training. It offers information and professional advice on educational exchange and administers a wide range of international programmes and professional development activities. The Central Bureau is funded by the UK Education Departments and the Department for International Development, and is a division of The British Council, the United Kingdom’s international organisation for educational and cultural relations. The Central Bureau coordinates a network of Resource Centres and Regional In-service Training Networks.

The Central Bureau can provide assistance to schools wishing to find and establish a link with a partner school. Some funding is available to enable teachers to carry out initial reciprocal visits and develop joint curriculum projects. The Bureau also provides a range of opportunities for teachers to extend their professional development through exchanges and study visits and in-service training.

For further information, contact the Central Bureau or visit its linking websites:

Central Bureau for International Education and Training
The British Council
10 Spring Gardens
London SW1A 2BN
Tel: 020 7389 4247
Fax: 020 7389 4426
www.centralbureau.org.uk

Windows on the World - offers help with partner finding.www.wotw.org.uk

Montage - provides a series of interactive curriculum projects involving many countries worldwide. www.montage.edu.au

The importance of a global dimension to the curriculum has also been acknowledged by a growing number of Local Education Authorities and many now have policies relating to the international dimension. In some cases there is a designated officer with responsibility for supporting schools developing work in this area.

For further information, contact your LEA (details of contact persons in each LEA are available from the Central Bureau).


“For us an important aspect of our global week is to challenge stereotypical images of other places and cultures. We aim to portray a more balanced view, seeing the positive as well as the negative, and highlighting similarity as well as difference. The potential of a global approach is just beginning to dawn on us.”

(John Caine, Teacher at Holly Lodge School, Birmingham)


“Raising global issues brings a contemporary resonance. It helps us to see the context of a situation at the time, and to develop an empathy with those involved.”

(Paul Bracey, Teacher at Park View School, Birmingham)



‘…our children want to write, to research, and read about Ghana – they certainly want to come to school. It’s an all-round motivation evident in subjects such as Geography, History and Maths.’

(Sue Alton, Head of Wandle Primary School, London)


“As a teacher I knew that the young children I taught responded to opportunities to learn about issues related to fairness in the world. Children understand about neighbourhood, about thinking globally and acting locally.”

(Glenys Kinnock, speaking at the TIDE Broadening Horizons Conference in Birmingham, June 1997)


‘Since we expanded the number of international projects that we have been involved in, our academic achievement has risen year by year.’

(Michael Carding, Head of Bishop Heber School, Cheshire)

Copies of this document can be obtained from
DfEE publications
Tel 0845 60 222 60
Fax 0845 60 333 60
Textphone 0845 60 555 60
e-mail: dfee@prologistics.co.uk

DFID Public Enquiry Point
Tel 0845 300 4100
e-mail: enquiry@dfid.gov.uk


Development Education Association
Tel 020 7490 8128
Fax 020 7490 8123
e-mail: devedassoc@gn.opc.org

Central Bureau for International Education and Training
Tel 020 7389 4964
Fax 020 7389 4426
e-mail: cblon.information@britishcouncil.org

ISBN ref no. 1 86192 204 3





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Developing a global dimension in the school curriculum